Does your faith need strengthening? Are you confused and wondering if Jesus Christ is really "The Way, the Truth, and the Life?" "Fight for Your Faith" is a blog filled with interesting and thought provoking articles to help you find the answers you are seeking. Jesus said, "Seek and ye shall find." In Jeremiah we read, "Ye shall seek Me, and find Me, when ye shall seek for Me with all your heart." These articles and videos will help you in your search for the Truth.

Friday, February 5, 2016

Steve Prefontaine, a Man of Passion!


By Aron Taylor, XCNation Founder | email

 LINK

The man, Steve Prefontaine has been described by so many in one word, Passion. He was considered for three decades the greatest long distance runner in American History and by far one of the most popular Track and Field athlete's of all time. At the time of his death at a young age of 24, Pre held 14 American Track and Field Records from 2,000 meters to 10,000 meters and was ranked the #3 most popular athlete in America competing with the likes of Wilt Chamberlain and Joe Namath. That Passion of Steve Prefontaine has defined the sport of American distance running for more than 40 years. From the streets of Coos Bay, Oregon to the legacy of excellence established while competing for the University of Oregon he was always defined by one word, Passion.

Steve Prefontaine inspired an entire generation of distance runners, coaches, and running enthusiasts. It wasn't that he was the best role model or that he was perfect it was how he performed when he stepped on the line to test himself against another human being. I think those who knew him best admired his loyalty, his dedication, his committment to his cause of justice, and to his unwavering loyalty to his friends. I admire Pre because of his commitment to prove to himself he was not a quitter. All those that watched him compete and all those who would remember always walked away with the feeling they had witnessed a masterpiece summarized by this statement, "that you can expect the best, more than the best from yourself each and every moment you compete". In the movie "Prefontaine" Bill Bowerman used the analogy that this mindset in running would directly correlate to winning in the game called life. 

Since the tragic and untimely death of Steve Prefontaine there have been many runners who have gone faster. All of his records have been broken. Runners from Galen Rupp, Matt Centrowitz, Leonel Manzano, to Nick Symmonds have won World Championship and Olympic Games medals. There are moments we see Pre's Passion in them. There are moments we do not. The reason we are continually inspired by one imperfect man was not in the number of trinckets that he accumulated, we do not remember him for the times of the distances he raced, or that he was some mythical role model who did not experience the struggles of life, we remember him for how much he expected from himself inspite of his challenges. It was the Passion Pre had to expect excellence from himself that inspired runners like Galen Rupp, and millions more that have never won state titles, or medals, or set records, to individual excellence in their moment, their game of life. From the 11-minute 3200 meter runner who aspires to run 10:59 and looks for that extra bit of juice or the junior varsity runner who just wishes to make the varsity team 1-time, we can look to the Passion that Pre had for the expectation of himself to push 1-more second, to give one more last ditch effort, to not give up when you have reached your limitation, to be ruggedly determined to push against that wall.

I have thought long and hard about why Steve Prefontaine should matter to runners today and why coaches today should consider one man, still relevant in a world where the expectation is winning and nothing else. Pre never won his Olympic Gold medal, but every one of us can run in a way, can live in a way, that with the finish line just ahead we can finish the race his death never allowed him to complete. We do not have to be defined by our failures, from the first place runner to the last place runner the expectation can be set to run without limits for yourself, to choose to finish Steve Prefontaines last race. To finish knowing how it feels to expect more. I believe only then will a runner, a person, understand what it feels like to hit the finish line knowing you had nothing left with 30 feet to go and somehow willed your way through to the end. This applies not to running but life. Always looking forward, never looking back. (Photo Art by Aron Taylor)

Prefontaine abhorred what he deemed corruption, injustice or unfairness and was not afraid to call a spade a spade. He was the first to speak out when he saw unfairness. The world of track and field gave him a big target, hypocrisy bother him the most. He did not pull punches or look away, he was not politically correct. His personality was a distinction of his running style, he was not afraid to say what others were too timid or afraid. Everything he lived for, breathed, dreamed of, hoped for was running and lived according to his unspoken code of right and wrong. This is a quality that I admire in Prefontaine.

The 1972 Olympics were said to be a precursor of things to come for the man known simply as PRE. I have been in his room, as a 15 year old high school sophomore listening as his father shared stories about the determination and the drive of his "little boy", as a father of children myself it must have brought pride and joy to his heart. His room is empty now, but in 1995 it was not, I have seen the silhouette of the shadow of Pre as a youth hanging on the wall...in many ways the shadow of this one man still rests over all who lace up and hit the trails. He is the standard, the benchmark, he is the greatest regardless of whether he won an Olympic or World Championship medal. That is not the standard by which he is judged, he is judged for never giving up, never giving in, and expecting no matter what the outcome he would ALWAYS give his best. What does that truly mean?

To me, it means that every second of his race, with every step, with every breathe the defeatest attitude and mindset did not exist. I believe every second mattered to him and whether it was 1500 meters or 10000 meters, cross country or a road race, or Life, his thought of personal determination mattered to him. How many of us have ever completed a race, looked back and considered how many times we eased up, let up, thought about what to do now to save a little for later, how many have finished the race knowing that for every step of the race they were not a quitter in any way shape or form regardless of the outcome? Whether it is 4th place or dead last, the effort, the mindset is relative to your moment to choose to do more with the distance spread before you. He said before the 1972 Olympic 5000 meter final race, "I'm going to work so that it's a pure guts race at the end, and if it is, I am the only one who can win it." Was that statement pure arrogance? I do not think so, I think it was a verbal acknowledgement that there would not be one moment regardless of the outcome where he would believe that he could not give more, that he could not expect more, that his passion for his performance was not based on the result at the finish line but rather the distance and moments in between.

The Passion of Pre exists in the hearts and the minds of the running community. While it does seem that time has moved on and an effort exists to forget Steve Prefontaine His Passion still resonates and matters. It is owned by none, a gift freely given to all those who hope for more and are willing to sacrifice. Prefontaine's outlook on running is a gift. Many of us have never met him or felt the determination he must have had during every single race but we share in his legacy, a legacy of love for effort. With a mile to go I can imagine Pre saying within his mind, "The best pace is a suicide pace, and today is a good day to die."

He said, "To give anything less than your best is to sacrifice the gift". The gift is life, the opportunity to begin anew each and everyday. To not be defined by your past mistakes, imperfections, or weaknesses. Rather, to choose this moment to be more, to do more, to expect more from yourself. To use the gift of your moment to never give anything less than your best.

Heart beating. Blood Dripping. Pre never gave up. His heart willing him to victory. 


Thursday, February 4, 2016

No Princípio Era a Palavra

Compilação
Link

O Evangelho de João é o Evangelho no qual buscar o plano da salvação, é onde encontramos uma explicação detalhada do que se trata a salvação, e da razão por que Jesus veio à terra. O Evangelho de João foi escrito por aquele que provavelmente era o mais jovem de todos os discípulos, de quem se diz, “o discípulo que Jesus amava.”[1]

A maioria dos peritos, teólogos e historiadores basicamente concorda que ele era provavelmente o mais jovem e talvez até fosse adolescente. Contudo, ele entendeu o plano da salvação e a razão de Jesus ter vindo. Não apenas para cumprir todas as profecias sobre o Messias, nem mesmo para ser o Messias naquela época, de certo modo. João explicou claramente, através do poder do Espírito Santo, o significado de Jesus e quem Ele realmente era.

Quem é que João diz que Jesus era? Ele era a Palavra. É a primeira coisa que João diz: “No princípio era aquele que é a Palavra. Ele estava com Deus, e era Deus. Ela estava com Deus no princípio. Todas as coisas foram feitas por intermédio dele; sem ele, nada do que existe teria sido feito.”[2]

Jesus foi mais que tudo a Palavra de Deus. O que é uma “palavra”? O texto grego usa o vocábulo “logos,” que significa “palavra,” mas tem um significado muito profundo. “Logos” é um tipo de palavra que significa uma expressão, ou até uma manifestação de algo. Portanto, Jesus é a expressão de Deus.

Deus estava tentando comunicar o Seu amor através de Jesus, fazendo de Jesus uma expressão do amor de Deus. Deus queria mostrar ao mundo o Seu amor. Você não pode ver amor, não consegue ver Deus, de modo que Ele enviou a Sua Palavra. Ele o disse em Jesus! Ele o expressou em Jesus. Ele comunicou Seu amor em Jesus!

A palavra grega “logos” é muito profunda, e significa uma expressão verdadeira e genuína, algo quase tangível; muito expressivo e real, e comunica com tamanha eficácia e significado! Jesus foi a expressão do amor de Deus. Ele era o significado do amor de Deus. Era a comunicação do amor de Deus. Ele expressava o amor de Deus. Ele mostrava o amor de Deus. Ele simbolizava o amor de Deus. Ele manifestava o amor de Deus.

João parece ter realmente captado isso e entendido a profundidade espiritual do amor de Deus e Sua salvação e o que Jesus realmente significava para o mundo inteiro, não apenas os judeus. João captou o significado mais profundo e grandioso de Jesus, e só pode ter sido obra do Espírito Santo. É maravilhoso ele demonstrar tamanha profundidade sendo que era o mais jovem de todos. Ele teve que depender do Espírito Santo para compreender o significado e transmitir que Jesus era a Palavra de Deus, a expressão de Deus, o amor de Deus, assim como o Filho de Deus.—D. Brandt Berg

A expressão de Deus

Em Filipenses 2:6–8, Paulo menciona que Jesus é igual a Deus. Ele declara “sendo em forma de Deus,” mas que Ele não sentia a necessidade de se agarrar ou manter essa igualdade de natureza/forma. Em vez disso, por amor a nós, Ele “esvaziou-Se a Si mesmo” (literalmente deixou Seus privilégios de lado), assumindo a forma de um servo. “Humilhou-Se a Si mesmo sendo obediente, e obediente até à morte, e morte de cruz.” Colossenses 2:9 fala de Jesus e diz, “Porque nEle (Cristo) habita corporalmente toda a plenitude da divindade.”

Relacionado a isso está o ensinamento de que Jesus é a própria imagem ou expressão de Deus. João 1:1 refere-se a Jesus como a Palavra. Em grego, Palavra procede de logos, que significa “pensamento” ou “expressão.” Em Colossenses 1:15, diz que Cristo é “a imagem do Deus invisível.” 2 Coríntios 4:4 também diz que Cristo “ é a imagem de Deus.” Hebreus 1:3 diz que Cristo é “o resplendor da Sua glória, e a expressa imagem da Sua pessoa.”—Bob Williams

O Logos

Deus é o criador de todas as coisas, é eterno e auto existente. Por isso, para Jesus ser Deus, tem que ser eterno e também ter existido antes de todas as coisas, além de ter participado da criação de tudo o que existe. Segundo os primeiros três versículos do Evangelho de João:

No princípio era o Verbo, e o Verbo estava com Deus, e o Verbo era Deus. Ele estava no princípio com Deus. Todas as coisas foram feitas por meio dEle, e sem Ele nada do que foi feito se fez.

Falando do Deus Filho antes de vir à Terra, João se referiu a Ele como a Palavra, não como Jesus. Estes versículos mostram que a Palavra/Jesus participou da criação, “Todas as coisas foram feitas por meio dEle.” No original em grego, o termo usado por João e traduzido por Palavra era Logos, também usado anteriormente no século VI a.C. pelo filósofo grego Heráclito no sentido de razão divina ou plano que coordena um universo em constante mudança. Sendo assim, para quem falava grego naquela época, Logos significava razão, um termo que os ajudava a entender o sentido dos versículos, por exemplo em “no princípio era a razão ou a mente de Deus. Dessa forma eles entendiam que antes da criação o logos existia na eternidade junto com Deus. Portanto, o Logos, a Palavra, o Deus Filho, existia antes de qualquer coisa ter sido criada, inclusive antes do tempo, espaço ou energia.

Como Atanásio, um dos pais da igreja primitiva escreveu, “O Logos existe desde sempre.” Ele é eterno. O Logos, Deus Filho, estava junto com Deus, o Pai, e era Deus.

João 1:14 continua:

O Verbo se fez carne, e habitou entre nós. Vimos a sua glória, a glória como do unigênito do Pai, cheio de graça e de verdade.

João diz claramente que o Logos, a Palavra, Deus Filho, Se tornou carne e viveu na terra, ou seja, o Deus Filho viveu como um ser humano. Isso significa que Ele, um ser eterno e espiritual, assumiu a forma humana no tempo e no espaço. Isso só poderia acontecer se Deus encarnasse mesmo — exatamente o que aconteceu quando Jesus de Nazaré nasceu. Ele Se tornou o Deus homem, Deus na carne, que habitou entre nós.—Peter Amsterdam

Cheio de graça e verdade

A verdade não é simplesmente algo passivo que interceptamos, como o resultado de um episódio do CSI[3] que nos deixa inteiramente certos “do que realmente aconteceu.” A verdade com certeza tem este elemento de definição; de estar certo, o Logos que se tornou carne é o relato definitivo de Deus sobre a verdade. Mas isso é algo muito mais profundo e mais dimensional do que os fatos frios e indiferentes, como evidenciados mais adiante na descrição de João do Cristo como “cheio de graça e de verdade” em si mesmo. A verdade tem uma qualidade correspondente, interativa e participativa que não toma mais de uma hora para ser absorvida e melhor entendida ao engajar sua profundidade e personalidade em um mundo de alternativas impessoais e simplistas. Pois, se a verdade é pessoal—como o é, uma Pessoa—é preciso toda uma vida de engajamento com aquele que é a verdade e o Espírito que nos leva ativamente à descoberta desta verdade.

Não resta dúvidas que o mistério da religião cristã é enorme—um mistério não no sentido do CSI, mas um mistério revelado. A descrição que Paulo faz de Jesus é cheia de verdades inescrutáveis com provas irrefutáveis: “Deus se manifestou em carne, foi justificado no Espírito, visto dos anjos, pregado aos gentios, crido no mundo, recebido acima na glória.”[4] Evidências da altura e da profundidade dessa verdade misteriosa podem verdadeiramente ser recebidas como impressões factuais e definitivas. De modo que elas são pistas que apontam para uma Pessoa multidimensional, inexaurível, cheia de graça e verdade.—Jill Carattini

Publicado no Âncora em junho de 2015.

[1] João 13:23; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7, 20.
[2] João 1:1–3, NVI.
[3] CSI: Crime Scene Investigation—um seriado da televisão americana.
[4] 1 Timóteo 3:16.

The Helmet

By D. Brandt Berg -- 

Audio length: 7:30
Download Audio (6.8MB) 


“Take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.”—Ephesians 6:16–171


I had a dream in which I was a knight in beautiful shining silver armor. I was in the armorer’s shop having the armor fitted. I already had it all over me, clear up to my neck, and they were about to fit on the helmet. In the old days, they had a special shop where they made the armor, and they had to make it fit the man, just like clothes.

They were going to fit the helmet on, which was inlaid with gold and silver, and it was really beautiful. The armorer had a pretty female assistant and a big rough table that he worked on, and she had a rag folded up. She laid it down on the table and said, “Put your forehead down on this rag.” I didn’t know what they were doing, so I bowed my head and laid it on the table, sort of like when you’re praying.

And just then I felt a real sharp pinprick, and I raised up and said, “What was that?!” He had this sort of awl in his hand, like an ice pick, and a hammer, and he’d just tapped quickly on my head. He said, “That’s for the attachment for the helmet.” I said, “What in the world do I have to have an attachment for the helmet for?” And he said, “My goodness, you soldiers and tough guys and knights in armor make such a big fuss about a little thing like a hole in the head to keep from losing your helmet!”

In pondering this dream, it came to mind that helmets are like salvation. I figure God wants to make your salvation permanent so you don’t lose your helmet, you don’t lose your salvation. It costs something, maybe like a little hole in the head to attach it permanently. When you get saved, you’ve got to be willing to be saved forever, receive your helmet of salvation forever and wear it forever so you never lose it.

When we’re saved, God implants a bit of Himself, His Spirit and His love, in our minds and hearts to guide and direct and protect us and keep us guided by His will and leadings. His helmet of salvation is an integral part of our armor and our whole being so that we can never lose it. It’s attached and implanted in our heads forever, attached to our minds.

Once we put that helmet on, we are forever His children, and in a sense we can never take it off. We can never throw it aside or discard it no matter how hard we try, and some have tried! Some have gone back on the Lord, but found they didn’t stop witnessing even then. They felt compelled to witness to people who needed help and to urge them to have faith in the Lord and the Bible.

I found this too when I was out of fellowship with the Lord years ago and backslidden, and I had gotten myself in a mess from wanting to see the world. I landed in the army, but I couldn’t stop witnessing, I couldn’t deny my faith; it was just impossible! That helmet was permanently attached, that electrode of God’s guidance was buried in my brain, and my primary reactions were always to defend the faith and to give God’s answers of love and His Word. It didn’t matter if I was out of God’s will myself, in a sense, and that I had tried to take off the helmet of His salvation and His service and don the uniform of the U.S. Army—I just couldn’t take that helmet off!

That helmet was there to stay, and I continued to defend the faith and to stand up for God and His Word. I was a conscientious objector and refused to carry a gun, or at least to fight with one. I refused to kill my fellow man, when I felt I should be trying to save him and preach him the gospel, to love him and not kill him. So even when I was out of God’s will for me, I was still faithful to the faith.

Even when you do sin and make mistakes and get out of God’s will and go back on the Lord, the helmet is still there; it’s attached! That tiny electrode is embedded in your brain, and that helmet guides you and protects you and keeps you and makes you a constant testimony and a witness to being different and being saved. This is why Peter described how the old friends wonder why you can’t resort to the same wild behavior you used to indulge in with them. You come back different, and your family or relatives wonder what in the world has happened to you, there’s such a change.2

If you’ve gotten the real thing and are genuinely saved and have the Lord and His Spirit, you’ll never be able to take that helmet off. You are saved forever and that helmet of salvation is there to stay, and it’ll be forever visible to all.

Thank God for His helmet of salvation! Thank God for its electrode of the Spirit. And thank God it’s more powerful than any other influence, and we’ll never be able to take it off or get rid of it, and never be able to rebel for very long against its guidance and power over our minds and hearts and lives.

Once you’re saved and have donned that helmet of salvation and had it attached with its electrode of spiritual guidance, it’s there forever, and it’s for your good and your protection and your salvation and your daily guidance by God’s Spirit. Praise God!

God has got your mind, heart, spirit, soul, body, everything in His hands and His care—once you’ve taken His helmet of salvation—and He’ll never let you be taken away from Him! As Jesus said, “I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand.”3

Originally published in September 1981. Adapted and republished February 2016. 
Read by Simon Peterson. Anchor Link

1 NIV.
2 1 Peter 4:4.
3 John 10:28.

Can the ‘largest cleanup in history’ save the ocean?


by Terrence McCoy, Washington Post, February 1, 2016 --

Lourens Boot is a man of the sea. He windsurfs. His houseboat consistently ranks as one of the best Airbnb rentals in the world. He spent years working offshore exploration for Shell. But in spring of 2014, the Dutchman wanted something new. So he quit Shell, attended Burning Man, and dropped by an offshore energy summit in Amsterdam.

Something called the Ocean Cleanup caught his attention. Boot had first learned about the project–which aims to cleanse the ocean of trillions of pieces of plastic–on a viral Tedtalk. The video had featured a moppy-haired Dutch kid who looked like a boy band understudy. And he had a big idea.

Until that point, in 2012, the leading proposal to clean up the ocean’s trash was dispatching big ships to troll for bits of plastic–and it would take thousands of years. So the teen, Boyan Slat, said he’d come up with a low-cost solution that could do it in a matter of years. He proposed erecting a large and angled barrier and mooring it to the ocean floor in the areas of densest garbage accumulation. Then the ocean’s currents would take it from there, passively pushing the plastic into a collection zone, cleansing the zone in five years.

“The oceanic currents moving around is not an obstacle,” Slat said. “It’s a solution. Why move through the oceans if the oceans can move through you? … Let the rotating currents do their work.”

The idea was so simple, so clear, so seemingly important that the video took off, snaring 2.4 million views. “WHY ARE WE NOT FUNDING THIS?” one viewer commented. But Boot remembers feeling dubious. Funding wasn’t Slat’s only problem. Boot had spent years in the ocean. Ideas that sing on paper might not last the first storm or tidal wave. Mooring something so large and so delicate at ocean depths sinking to 4,000 meters wouldn’t be easy, Boot had thought.

This June, Ocean Cleanup’s prototype will settle into waters much closer to land, where two outside experts said it would have a much higher chance of success, off the coast of the Netherlands. The trial run, which oceanographers are closely monitoring, is led by a 21-year-old who has amassed millions in funding, collected thousands of supporters and employs dozens of staffers. Advocates call Slat a visionary. Critics describe him as naive–perhaps dangerously so. What’s not in dispute: The project’s ambition and scope. “It may be the first ocean cleanup in history,” said Nicholas Mallos, an Ocean Conservancy official.

That challenge is what attracted Boot that day in Amsterdam. “This is a really big idea,” he thought, standing before the Ocean Cleanup display. Boot said he wanted in and, days later, arrived at the project’s offices. Boot, now the Ocean Cleanup’s head of engineering, noticed a youthful man. Hair long and disheveled, he was disdainful of small talk and “a bit distant.” This was Boyan Slat. And he said he wanted to change the world.

It began years ago, in the summer of 2011, off the coast of Greece. Slat, who was 16, was on a family vacation, scuba diving. As the teen swam, he noticed plastic. The bags and floating bits seemed to even outnumber the fish. They floated up, down, at all depths. “This problem struck me as one that should be solved,” he said. “… I thought, ‘Why don’t we just clean this up?’” So the high school student hopped on his computer and started researching the issue. He discovered the severity of the problem.

We currently inhabit what some scientists called the Age of Plastic. Every characteristic that makes plastic a boon to mankind–it’s malleable, durable and cheap–makes it a bane to the ocean. Every year, humans discharge roughly 8 million metric tons into the oceans, where fish and mammals and birds mistake it for food. By the year 2050, Slat’s anecdotal observation that there were more plastic bags than fish in the ocean will actually be true.

Thanks to the ocean’s currents, propelled by wind patterns and the rotating earth, a significant portion of the ocean’s trash ends up in huge systems of rotating currents called “gyres.” There are five major ones–in the Indian Ocean, the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, the South Atlantic and the South Pacific. But even in the parts of the ocean where the trash is at its most dense, Slat said he realized cleaning up the trash with the “vessel-and-boat thing wouldn’t be very practical. The plastic moves around…. But I thought, ‘Is that really a problem? Or a solution?’”

What would become arguably history’s most ambitious ocean cleanup initiative began as a high school science project. Slat spent hundreds of hours researching it, and thought he could resell the collected plastic, making the enterprise sustainable. He was, however, still just a teenager. He couldn’t do it alone. “Finding people to work on this was really difficult,” he said. “I contacted 300 companies for support, but no one replied. It was quite depressing.”

But then organizers of a local Ted Talk approached him. They had heard about his project. Was he interested in doing a Ted Talk? He said he was.

The media, long a sucker for the boy-genius-saves-planet narrative, has fawned over his work. But in the early days of the project, critics also mentioned his age, implying a degree of naivete. They said the project both underestimated the power of the ocean and its own potential to harm the environment.

And just like that, in 2013, Slat disappeared. He forwent college and, he said, ignored social obligations. Instead, he launched a crowdfunding campaign, securing $90,000 that he said he would use to answer his detractors and prove, once and for all, whether his idea could be done.

Around the time Slat published the feasibility study, which weighed in at 530 pages and was authored by 70 engineers and scientists, he took a trip to Washington. He walked through the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, stopping before the 1903 Wright Flyer, which the Wright brothers used to soar into the clouds and herald the aerial age. Standing there, Slat said he was struck by a realization.

“We are testing not to prove ourselves right, but to learn what doesn’t work,” Slat said. “The reason why the Wright brothers were successful wasn’t because they had the most resources, but because they understood how invention works. You have to iterate quickly, and you should be prepared to fail. Because things often don’t go as planned.”

Following years of study, and seven expeditions into the gyres, the project has started to solidify. Drawing on technology found in offshore rigs that have moored to depths of 2,500 meters, the team concluded that “the tools and methods that are available to the offshore engineering world can readily be applied for the realization of this project.”

Expectations have also lowered slightly. The study–which answered many of the project’s critics, but stirred fresh ones–found that a barrier that’s 100 kilometers (60 miles) long would clean up 42 percent of all of the plastic in the North Pacific gyre in 10 years.

The project’s prototype, funded with millions raised through crowdfunding, will launch in June when the team unfurls a 100-meter (328-foot) barrier off the coast of the Netherlands. The first large trial is set for early next year, when the team will establish a two-kilometer (1.2 mile) barrier off the coast of Japan’s Tsushima Island. “Focusing on near-shore environments and focusing on trying to stop the plastic from entering the ocean in the first place” is a good place to begin, said Mallos, the Ocean Conservancy official.

By 2020, Slat says he hopes they will have collected enough information–and yes, failures–to move much deeper into the ocean, beginning the cleanup in earnest with a 100-kilometer barrier between Hawaii and California, in the heart of the North Pacific gyre.

Now, finally, it’s time to see if it works.By

Does Chicken Soup Help a Cold?

Michele Debczak, Mental Floss, Jan. 29, 2016 -- 
There may be no cure for the common cold, but if our parents taught us anything, it’s that a steaming bowl of chicken soup is the next best thing–and there’s science to back that up: Studies have shown that chicken soup does indeed hold some medicinal properties.

One paper published by the medical journal Chest in 1978 suggests that the healing powers of chicken soup can partly be attributed to thermodynamics. When Mount Sinai Medical Center researchers in Miami Beach fed chicken soup to 15 healthy participants, the hot broth was shown to be successful in loosening mucus and clearing nasal passageways. The heat coming off the soup may seem like a simple explanation for the phenomenon, but the rest of the study paints a more complicated picture. When pitted against plain hot water, chicken soup was proven to be the better decongestant. A 1998 report published in Coping With Allergies and Asthma would later say that chicken soup also improves the performance of cilia, the tiny, hairlike structures that prevent contagions from infiltrating our bodies.

In addition to directly treating our respiratory systems, there’s data that shows chicken soup has an impact on our white blood cells as well. For his 2000 study (also published in Chest), Dr. Stephen Rennard of the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha conducted laboratory tests using his wife’s homemade soup, a recipe that had been passed down by her Lithuanian grandmother. When he studied blood samples from volunteers, Rennard found that the presence of chicken soup slowed the movement of neutrophils, a common white blood cell that fights against infection. Cold symptoms are caused by our immune system’s reaction to viral infections in the upper respiratory tract. The white blood cells that flood the area can often do little to kill the virus, and we’re left to cope with the consequences of their efforts: an overproduction of mucus. By inhibiting these cells, chicken soup actually helps ease our symptoms.

Rennard’s grandmother-in-law’s recipe contained chicken, onions, sweet potatoes, parsnips, turnips, carrots, celery, parsley, salt, and pepper–but exactly which of these ingredients contributed to the results remains a mystery. According to Rennard, it’s likely a combination of the vegetables and chicken in the soup rather than a singular ingredient that’s responsible for its soothing properties. Organosulfide, a chemical that’s found in onions, consumed along with Vitamin D has been shown to stimulate the production of the immune cell macrophage, while Vitamin A and carotenoids found in carrots boost antibody production. A study published in the American Journal of Therapeutics in 2012 suggests that carnosine, a chemical compound found in the soup, could help combat the early stages of the flu. And while you can get these nutrients from sources other than chicken soup, they’re easier for your body to absorb in liquid form.

If you’re feeling a bit under the weather, Rennard’s scientifically backed chicken soup recipe is available to view online. But don’t sweat it if you don’t have the energy to whip up a home cooked meal–his study showed that canned stuff like Campbell’s, Lipton, and Progresso is just as effective.

Wednesday, February 3, 2016

Syria: Could Turkey be Gambling on an Invasion?

By Patrick Cockburn, The Independent, January 31, 2016

A month before Turkey shot down a Russian bomber which it accused of entering its airspace, Russian military intelligence had warned President Vladimir Putin that this was the Turkish plan. Diplomats familiar with the events say that Putin dismissed the warning, probably because he did not believe that Turkey would risk provoking Russia into deeper military engagement in the Syrian war.

In the event, on 24 November last year a Turkish F-16 shot down a Russian bomber, killing one of the pilots, in an attack that had every sign of being a well-prepared ambush. Turkey claimed that it was responding to the Russian plane entering its airspace for 17 seconds, but the Turkish fighters made every effort to conceal themselves by flying at low altitude, and they appear to have been on a special mission to destroy the Russian aircraft.

The shooting-down–the first of a Russian plane by a Nato power since the Korean War–is important because it shows how far Turkey will go to maintain its position in the war raging on the southern side of its 550-mile border with Syria. It is a highly relevant event today because, two months further on, Turkey now faces military developments in northern Syria that pose a much more serious threat to its interests than that brief incursion into its airspace, even though Ankara made fresh claims yesterday over a new Russian violation on Friday.

The Syrian war is at a crucial stage. Over the past year the Syrian Kurds and their highly effective army, the People’s Protection Units (YPG), have taken over half of Syria’s frontier with Turkey. The main supply line for Islamic State (Isis), through the border crossing of Tal Abyad north of Raqqa, was captured by the YPG last June. Supported by intense bombardment from the US Air Force, the Kurds have been advancing in all directions, sealing off northern Syria from Turkey in the swath of territory between the Tigris and Euphrates.

The YPG only has another 60 miles to go, west of Jarabulus on the Euphrates, to close off Isis’s supply lines and those of the non-IS armed opposition, through Azzaz to Aleppo. Turkey had said that its “red line” is that there should be no YPG crossing west of the Euphrates river, though it did not react when the YPG’s Arab proxy, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), seized the dam at Tishrin on the Euphrates and threatened the IS stronghold of Manbij. Syrian Kurds are now weighing whether they dare take the strategic territory north of Aleppo and link up with a Kurdish enclave at Afrin.

Developments in the next few months may determine who are the long-term winners and losers in the region for decades. President Bashar al-Assad’s forces are advancing on several fronts under a Russian air umbrella. The five-year campaign by Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s to overthrow Assad in Damascus, by backing the armed opposition, looks to be close to defeat.

Turkey could respond to this by accepting a fait accompli, conceding that it would be difficult for it to send its army into northern Syria in the face of strong objections from the US and Russia. But, if the alternative is failure and humiliation, then it may do just that. Gerard Chaliand, the French expert on irregular warfare and the politics of the Middle East, speaking in Erbil last week, said that “without Erdogan as leader, I would say the Turks would not intervene militarily [in northern Syria], but, since he is, I think they will do so”.

Erdogan has a reputation for raising the stakes as he did last year when he failed to win a parliamentary majority in the first of two elections. He took advantage of a fresh confrontation with the Turkish Kurds and the fragmentation of his opponents to win a second election in November. Direct military intervention in Syria would be risky, but Mr Challiand believes that Turkey “is capable of doing this militarily and will not be deterred by Russia”. Of course, it would not be easy. Moscow has planes in the air and anti-aircraft missiles on the ground, but Putin probably has a clear idea of the limitations on Russia’s military engagement in Syria.

Omar Sheikhmous, a veteran Syrian Kurdish leader living in Europe, says that the Syrian Kurds “should realise that the Russians and the Syrian government are not going to go to war with the Turkish army for them”. He warns that the ruling Kurdish political party, the PYD, should not exaggerate its own strength, because President Erdogan’s reaction is unpredictable.

Other Kurdish leaders believe that Turkish intervention is unlikely and that, if it was going to come, it would have happened before the Russian jet was shot down. That led to Russia reinforcing its air power in Syria and taking a much more hostile attitude towards Turkey, giving full support for Syrian Army advances in northern Latakia and around Aleppo.

For the moment, the Syrian Kurds are still deciding what they should do. They know that their quasi-state, known as Rojava, has been able to expand at explosive speed because the US needed a ground force to act in collaboration with its air campaign against Isis. Russian and American bombers have, at different times, supported the advance of the SDF towards Manbij. On the chaotic chess board of the Syrian crisis, the Kurds at this time have the same enemies as the Syrian Army, but they know that their strong position will last only as long as the war.

If there is no Turkish intervention on a significant scale then Assad and his allies are winning, because the enhanced Russian, Iranian and Lebanese Hezbollah intervention has tipped the balance in their favour. The troika of regional Sunni states–Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey–have failed, so far, to overthrow Assad through backing the Syrian armed opposition.

Their enthusiasm for doing so is under strain. Saudi Arabia has a mercurial leadership, is enmeshed in a war in Yemen, and the price of oil may stay at $30 a barrel. Qatar’s actions in Syria are even more incalculable. “We can never figure out Qatar’s policies,” said one Gulf observer in frustration. A more caustic commentator, in Washington, adds that “Qatari foreign policy is a vanity project”, comparing it to Qatar’s desire to buy landmark buildings abroad or host the football World Cup at home.

In Syrian and Iraqi politics almost everybody ends up by overplaying their hand, mistaking transitory advantage for irreversible success. This was true of a great power like the US in Iraq in 2003, a monstrous power like Isis in 2014, and a small power like the Syrian Kurds in 2016. One of the reasons that Iran has, thus far, come out ahead in the struggle for this part of the Middle East is that the Iranians have moved cautiously and step by step.

Turkey is the last regional power that could reverse the trend of events in Syria by open military intervention, a development that cannot be discounted as the Syrian-Turkish border is progressively sealed off. But, barring this, the conflict has become so internationalised that only the US and Russia are capable of bringing it to an end.

Tuesday, February 2, 2016

The eternal weight-loss question: Exercise or diet?

By Hope Warshaw, Washington Post, January 25, 2016

Q: Which matters more when it comes to weight loss: food and calorie intake or exercise?

A: Oh, yes, it’s that time of year again: time to kick those New Year’s resolutions into high gear, dust off the weight and food scales, hit the gym, and ask critical questions about losing weight.

For starters, let’s define what is meant by exercise.

There are two main types of exercise. Aerobic exercise is defined as rhythmic, full-body physical activity that causes your heart rate to increase. The latest government physical activity guidelines recommend that adults get at least 2½ hours of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise a week or an hour and a quarter of vigorous-intensity activity, or a combination of both.

Resistance training is the other main type of exercise. It’s defined as exercise that strengthens major muscle groups by challenging them to near-exhaustion in eight to 12 repetitions. The same guidelines recommend that adults engage in muscle-strengthening activities at least twice per week.

Research exploring the health hazards of our sedentary culture has generated recommendations to add reducing sedentary behavior as a third exercise goal. Sedentary behavior is defined as all behaviors associated with sitting and reclining for which you expend low levels of energy and burn minimal calories. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, long periods of sedentary activity have, independent of the amount of aerobic and resistance training one does, emerged as a risk factor for the development of prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and heart and blood-vessel diseases. Goal 1: Don’t go more than 90 minutes without moving (other than when you’re sleeping).

Regular exercise has been called the best medicine for health and longevity because of its long list of physical and mental health benefits. Yet the sad fact is that just under half of all American adults meet the physical activity recommendations for aerobic activity and only one-fifth meet the guidelines for both aerobic and resistance exercise.

And now to the debate in question.

A recent British Journal of Sports Medicine editorial offers an apt bottom line: “You cannot outrun a bad diet. … [Exercise] isn’t enough when it comes to losing weight or staying healthy.”

In fact, it’s hard to outrun, or outwalk, even a healthy eating plan if you eat more calories than your body burns. Think about it. Walking a mile burns roughly 100 calories, equivalent to a large piece of fruit or a couple of tablespoons of mixed nuts. Hardly indulgent!

“Research shows the most effective way for most people to lose weight is to pair a calorie-conscious healthy-eating plan with adequate exercise,” Jim White, a registered dietitian nutritionist and exercise physiologist and owner of Jim White Fitness & Nutrition Studios, told me in an email. He added that high-intensity aerobic exercise along with reduced calories is more likely to take off weight compared with doing only resistance training. Cranking up the exercise without trimming calories doesn’t typically result in weight loss.

“Changes in diet are usually required to lose weight,” Kevin Hall, who does metabolism research at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, told me in an email. Hall added that most people lose less weight than they expect by doing exercise for two reasons. First, they might become less active at other times of the day. Second, they might eat more, possibly because they think they burned more calories with exercise than they did.

Translating this research, I tell clients that paying careful attention to their daily calorie intake wins the Academy Award for best actor and exercise takes home the Oscar for best supporting role.

As for the role of exercise in helping you keep pounds off for good, it’s a must. Regular exercise can help compensate for the metabolic slowdown that commonly results from significant weight loss. Hall explains it this way: When people who have been overweight lose weight, they typically burn fewer calories than someone at that same weight who has never been overweight.

Keeping weight off requires making up the difference either by decreasing calorie intake or increasing physical activity. People tracked in the National Weight Control Registry, which regularly surveys those who’ve lost weight and kept it off for years, report doing about an hour of exercise a day. They also minimize their sedentary behavior, such as watching TV.

Simply put, exercise isn’t the sole answer to losing weight or keeping pounds off, but it’s an important part of the equation. Another essential element is to zero in on a healthy eating plan that helps you control the calories you eat most of the time, leaving some wiggle room for less-healthy food choices on occasion. Make sure your eating plan fits your needs and doesn’t call for you to radically change how you’re accustomed to eating. And last but not least, you’ve got to be persistent in practicing those healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Copyright © Fight for Your Faith