Does your faith need strengthening? Are you confused and wondering if Jesus Christ is really "The Way, the Truth, and the Life?" "Fight for Your Faith" is a blog filled with interesting and thought provoking articles to help you find the answers you are seeking. Jesus said, "Seek and ye shall find." In Jeremiah we read, "Ye shall seek Me, and find Me, when ye shall seek for Me with all your heart." These articles and videos will help you in your search for the Truth.

Wednesday, February 11, 2015

Disponível para Deus


By Peter Amsterdam

http://directors.tfionline.com/pt/post/disponivel-para-deus/

No artigo anterior falei sobre estar disponível para Deus e como essa disponibilidade nos traz alegria, satisfação e felicidade, pois se alinha com a vontade de Deus, Seu reino e Seu Espírito.

Quero explorar mais a noção de estar disponível para Deus, especialmente à luz da nossa vocação para espalhar o Evangelho, pois, por sermos cristãos, somos chamados para compartilhar as boas novas de salvação com os outros. Jesus incumbiu Seus seguidores com essa tarefa e, na condição de Seus discípulos para os dias de hoje, que O amam e seguem, somos Seus agentes e representantes, nomeados para ajudar aqueles que ainda não descobriram como se conectar a Ele.

Quando nos comprometemos a estar disponíveis para Deus, permitimos-Lhe nos guiar a situações nas quais podemos compartilhar Seu amor e Sua mensagem. Como nisso consiste a incumbência que Cristo nos atribuiu, estar disponível para esse propósito deve ser para nós uma alta prioridade. Essa disponibilidade deve ser intencional, pois damos atenção ao que é intencional. Quando nosso propósito é ser um instrumento de Deus, buscamos alternativas para ampliar Suas oportunidades de nos colocar no caminho dos que precisam. Vamos orar sobre como podemos ser um canal do Seu amor e verdade. Buscaremos circunstâncias para sermos Seus porta-vozes, Suas manifestações, Seu toque na vida de alguém. Estaremos atentos para não permitir que chances potenciais alcancem àqueles que passam por nós.

Se nos determinarmos a animar e encorajar os outros, buscaremos oportunidades para cumprimentar alguém, puxar conversa, compartilhar uma palavra gentil, incluir o Senhor no contexto sempre que tivermos a oportunidade. Assumir o compromisso de estar à disposição do propósito do Espírito Santo e definir isso como uma meta em nossos corações e mentes aumenta nossa capacidade de ver e aproveitar as oportunidades, mesmo quando surgem em momentos aparentemente inoportunos.

Com certeza, quando decidimos nos colocar à disposição de Deus para que nos use para realizar Seu propósito, é possível que as oportunidades que Ele cria surjam fora da nossa zona de conforto e que para lançar mão delas tenhamos de desafiar os nossos próprios limites, adaptarmo-nos e nos expor a riscos — coisas que exigem fé e coragem, mas valem a pena, pois assim Deus pode nos usar para Seu propósito e para Sua glória.

É possível que não vejamos os frutos de realizar o que Deus nos mostra, mas isso não deve fazer diferença. O importante é que estamos a Seu dispor, para que nos guie e oriente na realização da Sua vontade nas vidas daqueles que Ele está tentando alcançar com Seu amor e salvação.

O que Ele nos mostra para fazer pode parecer insignificante, mas é valioso aos Seus olhos. Pode ser apenas Seu primeiro suspiro para alguém, ou talvez um dos muitos eventos na vida de alguém, os quais Ele está usando para atrair essa pessoa para Ele. É possível que estejamos irrigando o terreno em que outros semearam. Nossas palavras de esperança e ânimo, nossa mão estendida para ajudar, a bondade que demonstramos e a verdade que compartilhamos podem ser a maneira de Deus de mostrar aos outros que Ele os ama.

Quando, tomamos a atitude de nos disponibilizarmos para o Senhor, multiplicam-se as oportunidades para refletirmos Sua luz. Quando estamos em comunhão com Ele, absorvendo Sua Palavra, ouvindo Sua voz, aplicando e ensinando o que com Ele aprendemos, nossas vidas diárias irradiam o calor e a luz do Seu amor. Quem somos, como vivemos e nossa interação com os outros refletirão o Espírito de Deus. Quando temos integridade, honramos nossa palavra, somos solidários com os que precisam, praticamos valores cristãos, somos generosos e exibimos as atitudes e atributos próprios do Cristo, influenciamos os outros. Nossas vidas falam e ensinam.

Talvez nem sempre possamos compartilhar o Evangelho em um contexto de evangelização, mas nossas vidas podem ser cheias de propósito, produzir os frutos do Espírito e colher os benefícios reservados aos seguidores de Jesus. Demonstramos o resultado de boas decisões fundamentadas em princípios divinos — amor, altruísmo, fidelidade e generosidade. Deixar a luz de Deus brilhar assim é colocar-se à disposição de Deus, é viver de maneira a refletir Seu amor, Sua verdade e os benefícios de crer nEle, para que os outros possam ter um vislumbre dEle e do Seu amor.

Certamente, uma vida que reflete o amor de Deus, Sua verdade e Seus princípios está à disposição de Deus. E isso nasce de uma escolha e da determinação. Quando a disponibilidade se torna a tônica da nossa relação com Deus, permitimos que Ele nos governe e que Sua vontade seja realizada em nós. Tornamo-nos veículos do Seu amor, misericórdia, graça e salvação para os outros. Vivemos além de uma vida voltada aos seus próprios propósitos, para uma existência em harmonia com o propósito de Deus. Como diz o ditado, “A melhor habilidade é a disponibilidade”, especialmente quando é ao Senhor que nos colocamos à disposição.

Seven Habits Of Optimistic People

By Stephanie Vozza, Fast Company, Feb. 9, 2015

Optimists aren’t just people who see the glass half full. They also make more money than pessimists and enjoy health benefits such as fewer colds, a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and a longer life.

That’s something to smile about.

“Children are born optimists and over the course of time, life happens,” says Jason Wachob, cofounder and CEO of the healthy living website MindBodyGreen.com. “Circumstances change and cynicism sets in, but deep down most of us want to get back to the optimism of our childhood.”

David Mezzapelle, author of Contagious Optimism, has studied optimistic people for five years: “Some people are naturally more optimistic,” he says. “I believe, however, that somebody who is negative or pessimistic can control it and improve upon it.”

Optimism isn’t a pie-in-the-sky ideal, says Mezzapelle. “It’s not closing your eyes and being in the clouds,” he says. “People often tell me they’re a realist, but reality alone may prevent you from getting past first base. Combine optimism with acceptance of the life you’ve been dealt, and the sky’s the limit.”

Like any healthy habit, Wachob says optimism is something you need to practice every day. He and Mezzapelle share seven traits optimists share and the habits you can implement to become one, too:

1. They express gratitude. Being appreciative of big blessings isn’t enough; Mezzapelle says optimists are grateful for the smallest things in life.

“The sun coming up in morning, your child or dog excited to see you—being thankful about the littlest thing makes the bigger things that much better,” he says.

Optimists also find good in hardships, obstacles, and failures, because these are the situations that give you strength and resilience: “When optimists stumble across problems, it doesn’t seem as bad because they’ve learned to always find the silver linings,” Mezzapelle says.

2. They donate their time and energy. Whether it’s helping at the local soup kitchen or being available to people you know, Wachob says giving back is a habit optimistic people practice.

“This helps you feel grateful for what you have,” he says. “It’s a good place to start if you want to become more optimistic.”

Mezzapelle agrees: “No matter what you’re going through, you need to be good to others and help when you can,” he says. “The spirit of altruism can make you feel optimistic about your own life.”

3. They’re interested in others. When people hear the stories of how others persevere, it fosters optimism, says Mezzapelle.

“People often think they’re alone in their struggles, such as divorce, cancer, or financial problems,” he says. “When they hear about people who’ve experienced the same thing and came out on the sunny side, it can give them hope, and hope is the foundation of optimism.”

Wachob says simply reading inspirational stories can help. “This is something everyone can do on a daily basis,” he says. “There are so many amazing stories about amazing people who overcome incredible odds.”

4. They surround themselves with upbeat people. You are the sum of the people you spend time with, says Wachob.

“If you are with pessimists, every time you hang out with them it can be draining. If you’re with optimists, however, it’s easy to absorb that energy and it can be powerful.”

Mezzapelle likes a phrase coined by Olympic gymnast Mary Lou Retton: “Optimism is a happiness magnet.” “It’s true,” he says. “When you’re around people who are positive and upbeat, it brings you up.”

5. They don’t listen to naysayers. What other people do or say is reflection of their own reality, not yours, says Mezzapelle. Optimistic people don’t take the opinions of others too seriously when they don’t agree.

This means not listening to the naysayers who will tell you that you can’t achieve your goals: “You can disagree with other opinions—that’s the beauty of life,” Mezzapelle says. “Don’t look at it any other way and don’t let it affect you. It’s their reality, not yours.”

6. They forgive others. While this can be easier said than done, Mezzapelle says optimists have an ability to forgive.

“The easiest way to forgive is to reflect on the fact that the past is the past,” he says. “Make peace with it so that it doesn’t spoil the present.”

7. They smile. Smiling creates a happy environment that draws others in, says Mezzapelle, and happiness, even in brief doses, releases serotonin, a hormone that contributes to the feeling of well-being.

Smiling also has health benefits; a study from the University of Kansas found that cracking a smile—even when you don’t feel like it—reduces the intensity of the body’s stress response, regardless of whether a person actually feels happy.

Friday, February 6, 2015

Leva Tempo

http://anchor.tfionline.com/pt/post/leva-tempo/

Maria Fontaine

Não existe nada mais maravilhoso do que a vida de Jesus! É incrível, gratificante e recompensador investir tempo e energia na missão de divulgar a mensagem e compartilhar o amor e a Salvação que o Senhor oferece. O testemunho de A Família Internacional no geral, a soma do testemunho de cada membro, é poderosa.

Em algumas situações e dependendo do momento, é mais fácil ser a testemunhar que o Senhor nos orienta a ser, outras vezes enfrentamos mais dificuldades. Pode ser um desafio compartilhar a mensagem do Senhor e as verdades espirituais no dia a dia, no local de trabalho e na escola. Testemunhar para estranhos é uma coisa... e apresenta desafios definidos. Mas, às vezes, ser um testemunho para aqueles com quem convivemos é mais difícil, principalmente membros da família, amigos, ou colegas.

A maioria de vocês provavelmente conhece alguém para quem não é fácil testemunhar. Alguns de vocês estão em circunstâncias bem difíceis, porque uma pessoa muito próxima não apoia suas crenças e decisões. E outros talvez passem por isso com muitos amigos, conhecidos e parentes.

Peço a Deus que o Senhor e a Sua Palavra deem insight, forças e orientação para vocês e aqueles que lhes são queridos, sendo um exemplo da sua fé e um testemunho para as pessoas no seu círculo que talvez ainda não seja receptivas à mensagem.


Esperar resultados rápidos

Muitas vezes esperamos resultados rápidos na testificação e treinamento das pessoas. Achamos que tudo deveria ser rapidinho, abracadabra e pronto. Essa atitude de querer resultados rápidos contribui para uma falta de paciência, e até de diligência e fidelidade nos nossos trabalhos. É bom obtermos resultados rápidos e milagrosos, mas quando não os obtemos, achamos que algo está errado e ficamos impacientes, desapontados, desanimados, frustrados e com sentimento de culpa.

Eu fui criada na igreja e ouvia falar de esposas que passavam anos orando para seus maridos serem salvos. Ou de alguém que orou por anos para um certo parente desencaminhado ficar salvo, e depois quando a pessoa está às portas da morte ela fica salva. Muitos cristãos acham que, se vamos orar para alguém ficar salvo, deveríamos orar incessantemente até a pessoa conhecer e aceitar o Senhor.

Mas nós, geralmente não temos essa visão. Frequentemente somos mais ceifeiros do que semeadores. Estamos acostumados a colher, a recolher o fruto, mas não tão acostumados a semear, cultivar, e cuidar. Por isso, quando temos que semear e cuidar, ficamos impacientes e às vezes não somos tão diligentes ou perseverantes, porque queremos resultados rápidos.

Quando as coisas não acontecem rápido como estamos acostumados, não deveríamos ficar impacientes ou frustrados, nos sentindo condenados, preocupados, nem achar que existe algum problema ou algo não está transcorrendo devidamente. Porque nem tudo deveria acontecer tão rápido como achamos que deve e estamos acostumados.

Muitas vezes, quando não somos curados milagrosamente em poucas horas ou em um ou dois dias, indagamos o que poderia estar acontecendo. Dizemos ao Senhor: "Deve haver algo errado comigo”, ou então, "Tem algum problema com nossas orações, alguma coisa está errada". Às vezes, o Senhor quer lhe mostrar algo, e é bom perguntar. Mas se não descobrir nenhum problema, talvez seja porque não há problema, ou o Senhor esteja colocando a sua fé à prova.

Hoje em dia a vida é bastante rápida e acelerada, queremos fazer muita coisa e achamos que temos que fazer tudo agora porque o tempo é curto. Não deixa de ser uma boa atitude, porque é isso mesmo, o Senhor quer que a gente aproveite bem o tempo e faça muitas coisas. Mas precisamos entender que o Senhor tem o Seu tempo, e algumas coisas demoram mais e exigem paciência.

Algumas das nossas obras missionárias mais frutíferas são aquelas cujos membros permaneceram no mesmo local e, aos poucos e sistematicamente, criaram um trabalho sólido e frutífero. Dia após dia, semana após semana, e mês após mês, eles ministraram fielmente aos novos convertidos, e estes se tornaram bons amigos e colaboradores. Estabeleceram boas relações com os vizinhos e outras pessoas na comunidade, e conquistaram a reputação de estarem à disposição, de se oferecerem para ajudar e serem um exemplo da sua fé.

Deus nos ajude a encontrar um meio termo e lembrarmos que leva tempo para realizar certas coisas.


Uma oração pelas missões

Querido Jesus, a nossa meta, e a meta que Você estabeleceu para nós é encontrar mais discípulos em potencial, pessoas com quem possamos compartilhar o Seu amor e verdade. Você disse que “a seara na verdade é grande, mas poucos os ceifeiros”, e nos instruiu a orar por mais ceifeiros que nos ajudem a fazer a colheita.[1] Pedimos que nos guie às pessoas que não só vão aceitar a dádiva da salvação que Você oferece e ter uma mudança de vida, mas também àquelas que vão se sentir chamadas para levar as boas novas a outros.

Coloque-nos em contato com aqueles que vão entender o valor da salvação e a importância de transmitir essa verdade a quem possa reconhecer que é um tesouro Você ter vindo à terra e dado a Sua vida pelos pecados da humildade para recebermos a preciosa dádiva da salvação e da vida eterna. Abra as portas para nos relacionarmos com pessoas que reconhecem o valor do Seu imenso ato de amor e misericórdia, e desejem ardentemente levar essa verdade a outros porque suas próprias vidas mudaram e querem espelhar esse efeito na vida de outros.

Querido Jesus, você sabe que as pessoas fariam qualquer coisa para terem dinheiro suficiente para cobrir todas as suas despesas o resto da vida ou ter oportunidade de realizar seus sonhos. Mas essas coisas nem se comparam com a salvação. O dom da salvação é muito mais valioso, é de um valor inestimável, e algo que todos precisam.

Maravilhoso Criador, o Seu amor tocou profundamente nossas vidas. Temos um relacionamento pessoal com o Deus do universo. Temos a paz inexplicável que Você nos dá, bem como as promessas de proteção, além de Sua orientação e acesso às Suas palavras de sabedoria. Temos a certeza de uma linda vida no futuro junto com Você e todos os nossos irmãos para sempre.

Nós não queremos reter esses tesouros. Desejamos fervorosamente compartilhar com outros a maravilha do Seu Espírito e nossas riquezas espirituais para as pessoas que ganharmos e ensinarmos poderem fazer o mesmo. Você disse que a oração não é o mínimo que podemos fazer, mas o máximo.

Nós Lhe agradecemos pela oportunidade de interceder junto a Você pela missão. Oramos por aqueles que Você quer ajudar, cujos corações Você já está preparando. Senhor, é Você que guia as pessoas e as direciona à verdade. Você escolhe. O Seu Espírito age na vida das pessoas. Você é que as salva.


Jesus, o verdadeiro salva-vidas

Vocês, como Meus seguidores, veem as pessoas se afogando e então lançam para elas o seu salva-vidas, que sou Eu. Eu sou a corda com a qual podem contar, que vai realmente, absoluta e permanentemente salvá-los. Os que se agarram ao salva-vidas e confiam em Mim, Me recebem.

Mas, enquanto estão sendo açoitados pelas ondas e lutam, nem todos querem logo largar os outros salva-vidas aos quais estão se apegando. Sua fé está fraca, eles não sabem no que acreditar e, acima de tudo, sentem muito medo de que nada ali por perto vai conseguir segurá-los. Sabem que precisam de um Salvador, de sentirem paz com Deus, sabem que precisam de um sentido para suas vidas e, devido a tantos anos de ignorância e temor, têm um grande medo de ficarem sem um apoio. Não há razão para negar o verdadeiro salva-vidas, Eu, se essas pessoas têm medo de largar os outros salva-vidas, seus deuses, religiões ou boas obras.

À medida que o tempo for passando, a vida e a morte colocará toda fé à prova. Mais dia menos dia aquela onda assombrosa vai arrebentar na cabeça de todos, e provar a necessidade de um Salvador. As pessoas puxarão toda corda e então encontrarão a que está presa à rocha. Eu sou o salva-vidas do mundo. Garanto que todo aquele que se apegar a Mim chegará à praia são e salvo.—Jesus falando em profecia

Publicado no Âncora em janeiro 2015.


[1] Mateus 9:37–38.

Jesus—His Life and Message: John and Jesus (Part 1)


http://directors.tfionline.com/post/jesushis-life-and-message-john-and-jesus-part-1/
By Peter Amsterdam

(You can read about the intent for and overview of this series in this introductory article.)

Early in Luke’s Gospel we have been told of the events surrounding John the Baptist’s birth, including the proclamation of the Angel Gabriel and the prophecy of John’s father Zechariah. The only thing we know of John’s youth is that the child grew and became strong in spirit, and he was in the wilderness until the day of his public appearance to Israel.1 He resurfaces about thirty years later in the Gospels. Luke tells us that the word of God came to John the son of Zechariah in the wilderness.2

The word of God coming to John is significant because after the last three Jewish prophets—Zechariah, Haggai, and Malachi—there were no further prophets who spoke to the nation of Israel. When Luke writes that the word of God came to John, he is telling us that God is speaking to His people once again.

Luke’s wording harks back to centuries earlier, when God was still speaking to Israel. There are many similar mentions in Scripture, such as the word of the LORD came by the hand of Haggai the prophet3… the word of the LORD came to the prophet Zechariah4… The oracle of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi.5 After 400 years of silence, God was once again speaking to the nation. People were excited, as evidenced by the numbers that sought John out, as we’ll see.

We’re told that John appeared, baptizing in the wilderness and proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. And all the country of Judea and all Jerusalem were going out to him and were being baptized by him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins.6 And he went into all the region around the Jordan, proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.7

John, called “the Baptist” in the Gospels, conducted his ministry around the Jordan River. The exact location isn’t specified. He could have been ministering in the Judaean wilderness adjacent to the Jordan, or in the north near Perea, or possibly he worked his way up and down the Jordan valley between different locations along the river.8

Large numbers of people would come to hear John preach and be baptized by him. Matthew’s statement that Jerusalem and all Judea and all the region about the Jordan were going out to him9 indicates that John had become very well known, so much so that even many Pharisees and Sadducees came to hear him.10Priests and Levites were dispatched from Jerusalem to inquire about who he was.11

John not only drew crowds, he also had a considerable number of disciples who followed his practices and preaching.12 In the Gospel of John we read that some of Jesus’ first disciples were originally John’s disciples.13 The book of Acts14indicates that he had a following even many years after his death. It’s possible that the movement not only survived but spread after John’s death.15

The Gospels tell us that Jesus was baptized by John,16 that He called John “Elijah who was to come,”17 said he was more than just a prophet,18 and that he was the greatest person ever born.19 After John’s death, some people thought Jesus was John resurrected.20 John certainly had an impact, so it’s worth looking at his life more closely. Who was he exactly, and what was his role in relation to Jesus?

We know from the stories about Jesus and John’s birth that John was the son of Zechariah, who was a priest, which meant John was eligible to become a priest as well. However, from before his birth, God had called John in a different direction, and instead of participating in the priestly duties in Jerusalem, he went out into the wilderness. Some Bible scholars conjecture that John may have been part of the Essene community at Qumran,21 which was near where John baptized. Among their spiritual rituals, they had specific purification rites that included immersing themselves in water. Similar to John, they believed that the judgment of God would soon fall on Israel. While it’s possible that John may have been connected with or at least influenced by their teachings, it’s clear that by the time he began his ministry he was no longer connected with them; some of his beliefs and practices, which we read about in the Gospels, were contrary to what the Essenes taught.

John powerfully preached the baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. He baptized all those who made the decision to repent. His baptism signified their new or renewed allegiance to God’s purpose, and their commitment to living in a way that reflected their being true children of Abraham. His message was that Jewish heredity, being children of Abraham, wasn’t sufficient—repentance of sin was needed. He said:

“Bear fruits in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you, God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham.”22


Echoing Isaiah’s prophecy,23 John expressed the urgency of repentance when he said, Even now the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.24 The fruits he’s speaking of are the fruits in keeping with repentance.25 The fire is reminiscent of Malachi’s prophecy: For behold, the day is coming, burning like an oven, when all the arrogant and all evildoers will be stubble. The day that is coming shall set them ablaze, says the LORD of hosts, so that it will leave them neither root nor branch.26 John was making the point that those listening shouldn’t hesitate; the time to repent was immediately.27

The crowds asked John: “What then shall we do?” To which he answered: “Whoever has two tunics is to share with him who has none, and whoever has food is to do likewise.”28 This general counsel would have reminded the listeners of the fuller message already given in Scripture through Isaiah:

Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the straps of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry and bring the homeless poor into your house; when you see the naked, to cover him, and not to hide yourself from your own flesh?29 What to me is the multitude of your sacrifices? says the LORD; I have had enough of burnt offerings …Bring no more vain offerings …Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hates …Wash yourselves; make yourselves clean; remove the evil of your deeds from before my eyes; cease to do evil, learn to do good; seek justice, correct oppression; bring justice to the fatherless, plead the widow's cause.30

John’s brief answer clearly showed the listeners that repentance required more than following rituals or offering burnt offerings. It meant manifesting godly action in their day-to-day lives.

After John’s general answer to the crowds, the scope narrows as Luke tells us that the toll (tax) collectors and soldiers ask John what they should do. The toll collectors were known to exploit the tax system by collecting taxes above and beyond what was owed for their own profit. They were generally despised by the populace as collaborators with Rome.31 John’s response is that their “fruits of repentance” should be carried out in their daily lives by not collecting more taxes than they are authorized to. His response to the soldiers, who may have been Jews in the military service of Herod, is similar: Do not extort money from anyone by threats or by false accusation, and be content with your wages.32 These examples highlight the positive effect John’s preaching was having, not just on the general populace, but on those on the fringes of Jewish society as well.

John accompanied his preaching with baptism. The Greek word used for baptize (baptizo) means “to immerse, to submerge.” In similar Jewish water rites at the time, most individuals immersed themselves; however, in the case of John’s baptism, he immersed them. His wasn’t just a cleansing or purification ritual, it was a baptism of repentance—an outward manifestation partaken of only by those who repented, who had a change of heart and mind. It was symbolic of the death of a whole way of life and the rebirth of another.33 It was a new start, and the expectation was that the one who was baptized would change, and that their lives would show fruits of their repentance.

Besides preaching the urgency of repentance and the consequences of not repenting, John also announced that he who is mightier than I is coming, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.34 Stating that he wasn’t worthy of untying the sandals of the coming one was John’s way of saying that he wouldn’t even be worthy to perform the duty of a slave for this mightier one to come. The baptism of the coming one would be a baptism of the Holy Spirit and with fire, greater and more powerful than John’s baptism.

Luke tells us that by this point, people were waiting expectantly and wondering if John was the Messiah.35 In the Gospel of John, the question is put to the Baptist by the priests and Levites sent from Jerusalem:

“Who are you?” He confessed …“I am not the Christ.” And they asked him,“What then? Are you Elijah?” He said, “I am not.” “Are you the Prophet?”And he answered, “No.”36

Since he explicitly states that he is not the Messiah, they want to know if he is Elijah, or the prophet. J. Ramsey Michaels explains:

The expectation that Elijah would return to prepare the people for the day of the Lord is as old as the prophecy of Malachi, where the pronouncement, “See, I will send my messenger, who will prepare the way before me” (Malachi 3:1 NIV), anticipates the concluding promise, “See, I will send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful day of the Lord comes” (Malachi 4:5 NIV).37

Jesus later referred to John as being Elijah, in the sense of being the one who was to come before the Messiah.38

The question “Are you the Prophet?” is in reference to Deuteronomy 18:18: I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers. And I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him. And whoever will not listen to my words that he shall speak in my name, I myself will require it of him.39

In answer to “Who are you?” John said,“I am the voice of one crying out in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way of the Lord,’ as the prophet Isaiah said.”40 All of the Gospels refer to Isaiah 40:3 when describing John, but it’s only in the fourth Gospel that these words are put in John’s own voice. Later he reiterates that I am not the Christ, but I have been sent before him.41 He calls himself the friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him, and who rejoices greatly at the bridegroom’s voice.42 John understood his calling as the forerunner of the one to come.

Besides baptizing with the Holy Spirit, John says that the one to come will also baptize “with fire.”43 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.44 The winnowing of wheat is the process of sifting the wheat from the chaff. Fire is seen throughout the Old Testament as an image for judgment.45 John expresses that the baptism of the one to come purges as well as blesses. We later see this theme in Jesus’ parables of the sower and of the wheat and the tares.46

John contrasted his baptism with the baptism of the one to come. I have baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.47 This greater baptism to come echoes prophecies given through Ezekiel: I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you shall be clean from all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols I will cleanse you. And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you. And I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes and be careful to obey my rules.48 John’s was a cleansing baptism of repentance; the greater one who was coming would bring a baptism of salvation.

John’s message was popular, and crowds came to see him. As we’ll see in the next article, Jesus came to see him as well.

Note

Unless otherwise indicated, all scriptures are from the Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

General Bibliography

Bailey, Kenneth E. Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2008.

Biven, David. New Light on the Difficult Words of Jesus. Holland: En-Gedi Resource Center, 2007.

Bock, Darrell L. Jesus According to Scripture. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2002.

Brown, Raymond E. The Birth of the Messiah. New York: Doubleday, 1993.

Brown, Raymond E. The Death of the Messiah. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1994.

Charlesworth, James H., ed. Jesus’ Jewishness, Exploring the Place of Jesus Within Early Judaism. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1997.

Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. Updated Edition. Hendrickson Publishers, 1993.

Elwell, Walter A., and Robert W. Yarbrough. Encountering the New Testament.Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005.

Evans, Craig A. World Biblical Commentary: Mark 8:27–16:20. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2000.

Flusser, David. Jesus. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1998.

Flusser, David, and R. Steven Notely. The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus’Genius. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007.

Green, Joel B. The Gospel of Luke. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997.

Green, Joel B., and Scot McKnight, eds. The Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels.Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1992.

Grudem, Wayne. Systematic Theology, An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Grand Rapids: InterVarsity Press, 2000.

Guelich, Robert A. World Biblical Commentary: Mark 1–8:26. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1989.

Jeremias, Joachim. The Eucharistic Words of Jesus. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1990.

Jeremias, Joachim. Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1996.

Jeremias, Joachim. Jesus and the Message of the New Testament. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.

Jeremias, Joachim. New Testament Theology. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971.

Lewis, Gordon R., and Bruce A. Demarest. Integrative Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.

Lloyd-Jones, D. Martyn. Studies in the Sermon on the Mount. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1976.

Manson, T. W. The Sayings of Jesus. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1957.

Manson, T. W. The Teaching of Jesus. Cambridge: University Press, 1967.

Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010.

Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to Matthew. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1992.

Ott, Ludwig. Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma. Rockford: Tan Books and Publishers, Inc., 1960.

Pentecost, J. Dwight. The Words & Works of Jesus Christ. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1981.

Sanders, E. P. Jesus and Judaism. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.

Sheen, Fulton J. Life of Christ. New York: Doubleday, 1958.

Spangler, Ann, and Lois Tverberg. Sitting at the Feet of Rabbi Jesus. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009.

Stein, Robert H. Jesus the Messiah, Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1996.

Stein, Robert H. The Method and Message of Jesus’ Teachings, Revised Edition.Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.

Stott, John R. W. The Message of the Sermon on the Mount. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1978.

Wood, D. R. W., I. H. Marshall, A. R. Millard, J. I. Packer, and D. J. Wiseman, eds.New Bible Dictionary. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1996.

Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996.

Wright, N. T. Matthew for Everyone, Part 1. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.

Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.

Yancey, Philip. The Jesus I Never Knew. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.

Young, Brad H. Jesus the Jewish Theologian. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1995.


1 Luke 1:80.


2 Luke 3:2.


3 Haggai 1:1.


4 Zechariah 1:1.


5 Malachi 1:1.


6 Mark 1:4–5 and Matthew 3:1.


7 Luke 3:3.


8 Witherington, John the Baptist, The Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels, 386–87.


9 Matthew 3:5.


10 Matthew 3:7.


11 John 1:19.


12 John 1:35, 3:25, and Luke 11:1.


13 John 1:35–40.


14 Acts 18:24–25, 19:1–7.


15 Witherington, John the Baptist, The Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels, 388–89.


16 Matthew 3:13,16; Mark 1:9; Luke 3:21.


17 Matthew 11:14.


18 Luke 7:26.


19 Luke 7:28.


20 Matthew 16:14.


21 Although not spoken of in Scripture, another group of religious Jews called the Essenes existed in Jesus’ time. They are spoken of in the historical writings of Josephus, Philo, and Pliny, as well as in the Dead Sea Scrolls. It appears that a number of them settled near the Dead Sea, possibly in Qumran, somewhere between 150 and 140 BC. Around 31 BC they abandoned that location, possibly due to an earthquake. Some of them returned to the location following the death of Herod the Great. They disappeared from the historical record after the Great Revolt of Judea in 66–70 AD. The Essenes were anti-temple, believed in the preexistence and immortality of the soul, and were very legalistic in matters of ritual purity. They saw themselves as the righteous remnant of Jews who were living in the last days. They looked for a political Messiah and the end of the age. Some of the Essenes lived together communally and held all their possessions in common. They dedicated themselves to studying Scripture, ritual washing, prayer, and copying their own writings. The Dead Sea Scrolls, found hidden in caves near where they lived, contained some of what are considered to be writings of the Essenes, along with scrolls of some of the writings of the Old Testament. (From Jesus—His Life and Message: Rulers and Religion, earlier in this series.)


22 Luke 3:8.


23 Behold, the Lord GOD of hosts will lop the boughs with terrifying power; the great in height will be hewn down, and the lofty will be brought low. He will cut down the thickets of the forest with an axe, and Lebanon will fall by the Majestic One (Isaiah 10:33–34).


24 Luke 3:9.


25 Luke 3:8.


26 Malachi 4:1.


27 Green, The Gospel of Luke, 177.


28 Luke 3:10–11.


29 Isaiah 58:6–7.


30 Paraphrased from Isaiah 1:10–20.


31 There were three types of taxes which were required by the Romans, who ruled Israel during the time of Jesus: the land tax, the head tax, and the customs tax system. The taxes were used to pay tribute to Rome, which had conquered Israel in 63 BC. Throughout the Roman Empire there was a system of tolls and duties that were collected at ports, tax offices, and at the city gates. The rates were between two and five percent of the value of the goods that were transported from town to town. On long journeys, a person bringing goods from one place to another could be taxed multiple times. The value of the goods was determined by the tax collector. The customs and tax collection system operated through what is called tax farming. The way it worked is that wealthy individuals would bid on how much they would pay Rome for the privilege of collecting taxes in an area. The highest bidder, the “tax farmer,” would pay the amount that was accepted by Rome for the bid, meaning that Rome got its tax money in advance. The tax farmer would then collect the taxes through local tax collectors. The tax farmer and those he hired to collect the taxes would make their living from the taxes collected from the people. They would charge as much as possible in taxes, within certain legal limits, as their income was determined by how much money they could bring in over the amount that they had already paid to Rome. In short, tax collection was a for-profit business. The tax farmers hired local tax collectors to do the work of collecting taxes. These tax collectors would assess the value of the goods and then assign the amount to be paid. While there was some measure of control, tax collectors would often value the goods much higher than their actual worth, in order to make a profit. They would stop people on the road and demand these taxes, which could either be paid in currency or by forfeiting a portion of the goods. Those being taxed considered this institutional robbery. When some tax collectors came to John the Baptist to be baptized, they asked him what they should do, and he responded, “Collect no more than you are authorized to do.” … Tax collectors were despised. They were seen as extortioners and unjust, and according to Jewish law, others were not obliged to speak the truth to them. They were considered religiously unclean, and their houses and any house they entered were thus considered unclean. The hated tax collectors were often put in the same category as sinners and prostitutes. They were seen as thieves and shunned by respectable people. (Peter Amsterdam, The Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector, in The Stories Jesus Told.)


32 Luke 3:14.


33 Morris, The Gospel According to Matthew, 56.


34 Luke 3:16.


35 Luke 3:15.


36 John 1:19–21.


37 Michaels, The Gospel of John, 98.


38 Matthew 11:14.


39 Deuteronomy 18:18–19.


40 John 1:22–23.


41 John 3:28.


42 John 3:29.


43 Luke 3:16.


44 Matthew 3:12.


45 Isaiah 66:15; Ezekiel 38:22; Zephaniah 1:12.


46 Matthew 13:8–30. See also Matthew 25:31–33.


47 Mark 1:8.





48 Ezekiel 36:25–27. See also Ezekiel 11:19–20.

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